http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UcvvxJ9OAHU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qgdqp-oPb1Q
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMUl5CCoW6Y
Rub-a-Dub Vibin'
Posts of I an I's favourite dub, reggae, and jungle tracks. Full of heavy basslines and groovin' riddims.
Youtube Reggae Playlist
http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLEC197ACF0591CA4C&feature=edit_ok
Thursday 27 February 2014
Tuesday 8 October 2013
Vinyl: From the Beginning
Vinyl: From the Beginning
Up until 1857, it was impossible to
record any kind of sound. It was a man called Leon Scott who first invented the
‘Phonautograph’, which used a vibrating diaphragm and stylus to record the sound
as a visual line. However, 20 years later in 1877, Thomas Edison invented the
‘Phonograph’, which became the first ever device that could record and play
back sounds. It consisted of a cylinder wrapped in tinfoil, and a vibrating
stylus would imprint the foil as the cylinder rotated. A decade later Edison
improved his invention, with a change to a hollow wax cylinder, which produced
a better sound and was far more useful. This creation started the market for
recorded sound in the late 1880’s, and dominated the business up into the early
20th century.
Plate style records came into existence in 1889,
originally developed in Europe by
Emile Berliner. These were 5” discs with special players, mainly just used as
toys. It was in 1894, in the United States, when Edison developed more
sophisticated ‘Gramophones’, which were more suited for entertainment, and
along with these came more sophisticated Gramophone players. However the sound quality
of these records didn’t supersede that of Thomas Edison’s Phonograph until
Berliner’s manufacturing associate Eldridge Johnson improved them. In 1901
these two men joined forces, so to speak, and hence came the Victor Talking
Machine Company, whose products dominated the business for many years. In 1903
Edison released a 12” record which could play for 4 minutes, meaning people
could record a single song onto it, but
in 1909 Edison reintroduced the cylinder technology in the form of the ‘Blue
Amberol Cylinder’, made from durable celluloid, and could play for 4 1/5 minutes.
However, the disc style record won this format war, and continued to dominate
the market, until 1919 when Edison’s patents ran out and other companies began
producing their own plate style records.
The
first mass produced record style was the ‘78’. This span at 78 RPM, which had
become a standardized speed at the time, they came in 7”, 10”, 12”, 14”, 16”
and 21” diameters, giving up to 8 minutes of recorded sound. Up until 1925 they
were recorded acoustically; into a horn whose vibrations carved a groove into
the disc, which meant a musician had only one chance to get the first record
right, and they only had one input. But then in 1925 came electrical recording.
This involved the artist playing into a microphone, and as they did, their
music was cut onto a master record. The first ever record made in this way was
by Leopold Stokowski; an orchestral piece recorded by the Philadelphia
Orchestra in a Victor studio at Camden, New Jersey, 29 April 1925.
The next major leap in disc record
technology was the introduction of the Vinyl record. In 1948, Columbia Records
introduced a 33 1/3 RPM microgroove vinyl record, or LP (Long Play). This
technology gave artists to record whole albums onto one disc, each side holding
around 22 minutes of recording space. This gave a total of 44 minutes on one
disc, allowing artists to record 10, 4 minute songs on one disc with ease. This
revolutionized the music distribution industry, as the record companies were
selling so many more songs at once, creating huge income for themselves and the
artists. Alongside these 33 1/3 RPM records came 7” 45 RPM records, introduced
by RCM Victor in 1949, which generally held one or two songs on either side and
was perfect as a ‘sneak peak’ to an upcoming album. These are known as Singles,
EP’s (Extended Play) or 45’s. Both of these formats are still produced today,
and are a very fashionable means of releasing contemporary music.
In
terms of vinyl record usage as a consumer, and apart from personal listening at
home, vinyl began to play a large part in particular genres of music. For
example, the phenomenon of ‘scratching’ plays a huge part in the hip-hop scene,
and has done since the beginning. This came about when DJ’s who laid down beats
for the MC’s and rappers on vinyl records on decks decided to mix up the
accompanying music by stopping, starting, and pulling the record back against
the stylus, fundamentally rewinding short sections of the sample. For example,
“I Got A Love” by Pete Rock & CL Smooth. Also, toasting is a sub-genre of
reggae, which generally is a vocalist singing ‘reggae vibes’ over dub-plates
(dub reggae songs on small, cheap records which only lasted about 20 plays). A
good example of this is “Fist-to-Fist Rub-a-Dub” by Kojak & Liza.
More
modern to this, is the use of vinyl with dance music DJ’s, some of which gather
a large collection of their favourite songs on vinyl records and will then mix
them as a continuous play in a nightclub or at a festival for example.
So
in conclusion, the vinyl record is a format of music used for almost 150 years
now, one which has changed the way we, as consumers, buy and listen to our
music over this time. It began as a musical phenomenon, then superseded by tape
and compact discs, and is now a very collectable and desirable form of music.
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